![<?echo $_SERVER['SERVER_NAME'];?>](/template/twentyseventeen/skin/images/header.jpg)
Nanotechnology is a high technology that emerged in the late 1980s. It is widely used in many fields such as machinery, electronics, materials, optics, chemicals, and medicine. As one of the hot topics of modern high-tech research, nanomaterials also have broad application prospects in the textile field. How to use the special properties of nanomaterials to improve the functions and characteristics of textiles, develop new materials, and develop new products is currently facing a new textile industry Opportunities and new challenges. The author only proceeds from the special properties of nanomaterials, introduces the application of nanotechnology in the textile field, for colleagues.
1 Characteristics of nanomaterials Nanometers are units of measure length, 1 nanometer is equal to one billionth of a meter in length (1 nm = 10-9 m), and one atom is about 0.1 nm. Nanomaterials are a new class of ultrafine solid materials. It consists of nanoparticles. Nanotechnology is engineering on the nanoscale. It is the research and processing of materials and materials in the length range of 0.10nm. The ultimate goal is to manufacture products with specific functions directly from individual atoms and molecules.
The 100nm particle is called a nanoparticle. It is an atomic group or molecular group consisting of a very few atoms or molecules, which is a field between macroscopic matter and microscopic atoms and molecules. It is a typical mesoscopic system. A large proportion of the surface atoms are amorphous layers that have neither a long program nor a short program. Inside the particles, there are well-ordered atoms that are well-ordered, but their structure is different from the intact long program structure of the crystal sample. . It is this special structure of nanoparticles that causes the nanoparticles to have unique small size effects, surface effects, quantum size effects, and quantum tunneling effects, and this results in many optical, mechanical, thermal, and magnetic properties that are completely different from conventional materials. The unique functions and characteristics of science, chemistry, catalytic activity, biological activity, etc., have caused scientists at home and abroad to attach great importance to the unique properties of nanoparticles applied in the textile field, laying a foundation for their wide application. For example, nanoparticles have special anti-ultraviolet radiation, absorb visible light and infrared rays, anti-aging, high strength and toughness, good conductivity and electrostatic shielding effect, strong anti-bacterial deodorant function and adsorption performance. By compounding the nanoparticles with these special functions with the textile raw materials, a brand new textile material can be produced, which greatly improves the function of the fabric.
2.1 Application in Textile Raw Materials 2.1.1 Antimicrobial Fibers A variety of antibacterial fibers can be spun out by spinning certain metal ions (such as nano-silver ions, nano-copper ions) with certain bactericidal properties and chemical fibers. The fiber has stronger antibacterial effect than general antibacterial fabrics and has more wash-resistant times. For example, ultra-fine antibacterial powders developed by the National Ultrafine Powder Engineering Center can be used to prepare antibacterial resins, which can inhibit various bacteria, fungi, and molds. The core of this antibacterial powder can be nanoparticles of barium sulfate, zinc oxide, etc., coated with silver for antibacterial use, and coated with copper oxide and zinc silicate for antifungal purposes. Adding 1% of the antibacterial powder to the synthetic fiber can give an antibacterial fiber with good spinnability.
1.2 Anti-ultraviolet fiber function, but it will also accelerate the aging of the human skin and increase the possibility of cancer. The effects of ultraviolet light of different wavelengths on human skin are shown in Table 1. Table 1 Effects of ultraviolet light of different wavelengths on human skin Wavelength/nm Effects on skin Melanin and brown spots are produced, and skin is aged, dry and wrinkles are increased to produce erythema and pigment , often exposure to the risk of carcinogenic penetrability, can affect white blood cells, but most of the absorption of a variety of nano-materials by the atmospheric ozone layer has a shielding effect on UV, such as Ti2, ZnO, Si2, etc., the basic principle is due to the band gap At 3.2 eV, ultraviolet rays with a wavelength equal to 388 nm can be absorbed. The former two can only target the UV-A and UV-B bands, while the latter reflect up to 85% of the UV in the UV-A and UV-B bands, with a very high UV and visible range. Long high reflection platform. At present, the main anti-UV functional fibers are polyester, acrylic, nylon, viscose, etc. The anti-ultraviolet wear made mainly includes sweatshirts, swimwear, field work clothes, summer clothes, and sun protection cloths.
2.1.3 Far-infrared radiation fiber Some nano-sized ceramic powders (such as zirconia single crystal, far-infrared negative oxygen ion ceramic powder) are dispersed into the melt spinning solution and then spun into fibers. The fibers thus produced can effectively absorb external energy and radiate far-infrared rays having the same spectrum as that of the human body.
This far-infrared radiation wave is not only easily absorbed by the body, but also has a strong penetrating power, can penetrate deeper into the skin, make the deep skin tissue to generate a resonance effect, activate biological cells, promote blood circulation, enhance metabolism, and strengthen Tissue regeneration and other health effects.
2.1.4 Antistatic and Conductive Functions In the development of nanomaterials in recent years, the most remarkable is the research and application of carbon nanotubes. The carbon nanotubes are seamless micro-tubules formed by crimping a single or multi-layer graphite sheet, and the outer diameter of the carbon nanotubes varies from 1 nm to 100 nm depending on the preparation method. Carbon nanotubes have very good electrical conductivity, and their electrical conductivity is even higher than that of copper. As a functional additive, carbon nanotubes are stably dispersed in chemical fiber spinning fluids and can be made to have good electrical conductivity at different molar concentrations. Or antistatic fibers and fabrics. In addition, ultra-fine ATO (germanium-doped tin dioxide) also has good electrical conductivity and weather resistance, and is widely used in the preparation of antistatic functional fibers 2.1.5 High-strength and high-modulus fibers have excellent mechanical properties. It is used as a composite additive and has a promising future in aerospace textile materials, automotive tire cords, military apparel and other textile materials. In addition, nanoclay and polymer compound can also greatly improve the strength and modulus of the material. Using this function of nanoclay, it can be polymerized with polyamide to develop nylon nano-functional fibers, which can make fiber strength and modulus. The volume has been greatly increased. However, the spinning performance of the fiber did not change significantly. China is the country with the most abundant clay reserves, and the low price of clay can predict that clay will have a better application prospect in the textile industry.
1.6 Anti-electromagnetic wave fiber Adding nano-scale Si2 to synthetic fibers can produce high-dielectric insulation fibers. In recent years, with the continuous development of communications and household appliances, the use of mobile phones, televisions, computers, microwave ovens, etc. has become more and more common. Electromagnetic fields exist around all electrical devices, and electromagnetic waves affect the human heart, nerves, and pregnant women. The effect of the fetus has a clear conclusion. According to reports, the United States, Japan, South Korea and other countries have such anti-electromagnetic wave clothing listed, domestic use of nano-materials to prepare anti-electromagnetic wave fiber research is also in progress, there are currently related products.
1.7 Biomimetic Fiber Human research in the fields of biology and biomimetics has gone from the micron-scale structure of cells and chromosomes to the nanoscale range (the diameter of the DNA molecule is 2nm), especially the application of nanobiotechnology to spider silk Many achievements have been made in research and utilization. Spider silk is one of the most resilient and highly elastic fibers in the natural world. Scientists have used nanotechnology to determine the DNA sequencing of spider silk proteins and found genes that can produce this spider silk. Partially copied these genes, and then implanted the gene into the bacteria, to develop a bacteria that can produce spider silk protein. The protein produced by the bacteria containing this gene is the same as the spider silk protein, and can be drawn into silk. Therefore, the spider silk can be produced by using this method. Its strength is 5 times that of steel, elongation is 33%, and it also has Good elasticity.
2 Application in Textile Slurry â—Ž nanomaterial Na has super strong, high-hard carbon nanotubes publis energy. Distinguish whether or not the nano-sized slurry is mainly considered in two aspects: After the bookmark1 nano-material is added into the combined slurry, it is referred to as 1'nano-slurry. "Nano-slurry" refers to the use of inorganic fillers dispersed in the nano-size organic polymer slurry. Organic/inorganic nanocomposite slurries formed in the matrix.In nanocomposite slurries, the size of the disperse phase is at least one dimension less than 100 nm. Due to the nanometer size effect of the dispersed phase, a strong interfacial bond of large specific surface area, Nanoslurry thus has the properties that traditional slurries do not have for a variety of fibers, and the antibacterial properties of the finished product are uniform and long lasting.
There is an interface in the nanometer range; the nanometer inorganic material montmorillonite, also called bentonite, is a natural clay mineral whose composition is a layered silicate, and its structural layer is a nanometer scale. , contains an alumino-octahedron sub-layer, the sub-layers are covalently bonded by a common oxygen atom, and the bonding is extremely strong. The entire structure has a thickness of about 1 nm and a length and width of about 100 nm. Due to the aluminum oxide octahedron one layer Some of the aluminum atoms are replaced by lower-valence atoms, and the laminae are negatively charged. The excess negative charge is equilibrated with cations such as Na+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ that are free from the interlayers. Therefore, it is easy to exchange reactions with other organic cations to form organic montmorillonites. Soil and organic montmorillonite can further react with monomers or polymer melts. During the pasting process of the slurry, there are peelings of nano-scale structural layers uniformly dispersed in the slurry. This slurry is called “nano-sized slurryâ€. .
2.3 Application in Finishing Technology 2.3.1 Nano-additives For natural fibers such as cotton, wool, silk, and hemp, especially for cotton fibers, the use of nano-materials for functional processing is a new technology under development. Since natural fibers represented by cotton fibers are inherently deficient in anti-ultraviolet ray properties, they cannot be applied directly to the interior of the fibers as chemical fibers do, and therefore can only be compensated by the method of finishing. For example, nano zinc oxide powder has excellent antibacterial and deodorizing function. Nano zinc oxide powder is used as a functional additive to perform antibacterial finishing on natural fibers, and an antibacterial fabric with good performance can be obtained. The fabrics that are padded with nano-adhesives are mainly used for shirts, T-shirts, hats, casual wear for men and women, and other apparel that require soft and comfortable clothing.
Nano-coatings The finest particles added to the textile coating are micron-sized, such as ceramic powder (grain fineness in the range of 100 nm to 1000 nm). The nano-materials are added to the fabric finishing agent and are combined with the fabric by a post-finishing method. , Can be made with a variety of functions of textiles, and the coating is more uniform, but the finishing agent and the textile is generally not a chemical bond between the connection, so washing fastness is not good, the function is not lasting. For example, the copper sulfate is dissolved in an appropriate solvent, and the cupric ions are reduced to copper atoms using a chemical reducing agent and are deposited on the surface of the polyester fabric layer by layer to form a nanostructured metal film, similar to the silver mirror reaction. With this fabric can be made of a variety of electromagnetic shielding materials, the reflectivity of high-frequency electromagnetic waves can be as high as 99.99%. In addition, for high antibacterial requirements and feel less demanding textiles, coating can also be used to make nanotechnology The material forms a soft functional coating on the fabric surface. This method is suitable for 2.3.3 nanometers Graft grafting technology is mainly used for the finishing of natural fiber textiles. Its advantage lies in the permanent function of the textile. There are two technical routes to grafting nanomaterials onto cotton fibers by grafting: grafting organic compounds with strong coordination ability on nanomaterials to cotton fibers to make simple organic molecular templates. Nanoclusters were assembled onto cotton fibers.
In the preparation of nanoparticles, a compound that can be grafted to the fibers is used as a trapping agent, and the nanoparticles are surface-modified by a trapping agent to form clusters, and the clusters are grafted onto cotton fibers.
Grafting technology can be divided into two kinds: chemical method and physical method. Grafting by chemical method mainly uses photosensitizer to initiate grafting and redox system to initiate grafting (persulfate initiator); Physical method grafting mainly uses low temperature plasma. technology.
Nano-staining Some synthetic fibers have limited the use of apparel fabrics due to dyeing difficulties, such as polypropylene, polyvinyl alcohol fibers, and super-polyethylene fibers. Some fibers must be stained with a carrier, which causes a great deal of environmental pollution. During the synthesis of these fibers, a small amount of functional nanomaterials capable of reacting with the dyes is added, and the colored regions of the fibers can be added to improve the dyeing performance of the fibers.
2.4 self-cleaning nano-interface textile materials According to the lotus leaf water repellent self-cleaning phenomenon, observed by high-power microscope, it was found that the surface has a dual-phase structure, the surface of the lotus leaf tumor diameter of 5nm ~ breast tumor surface there is a layer of more subtle Nano-sized plush structure, water droplets can not be in full contact with the surface of the material when exposed to water, coupled with the presence of wax on the surface of the plush, the water droplets can not naturally infiltrate the surface of the lotus leaf, so the special surface microstructure of the material affects its adsorption performance. In the case of fibrous materials with basic water repellent properties, a rough concave-convex two-dimensional structure with nano-scale geometrical dimensions should exist on the surface in order to resist water and oil. According to this principle, the fiber surface is subjected to a simulation process, resulting in a large number of extremely fine uneven, so that the textile can maintain a clean state during use, with a waterproof, anti-oil, anti-mildew and other effects. Yes, time and convenience, but also conducive to environmental protection, saving water resources, can be used for a variety of civilian and industrial textiles.
Modern studies have proved that Ti2 nanoparticles are excited by ultraviolet rays, and have strong photocatalytic and oxidative degradation characteristics. Under light, they can decompose hydrocarbons, dust, and other contaminants that are adsorbed on the surface of particles, and use this effect and the aforementioned lotus leaf refusal. The principle of water self-cleaning allows researchers at the Institute of Chemistry of the Chinese Academy of Sciences to spray Ti2 nanoparticles on the material. The special interface formed can make the surface of the material exhibit extraordinary double hydrophobicity (hydrophobicity and oleophobicity), resulting in the development of super double Sparsely functional nano-interface materials. The basic principle is to build a nanometer-sized geometrically complementary interface structure on a specific surface. Because the nanometer-low-concave surface allows stable adsorption of gas atoms, it is equivalent to a stable gas film on the macroscopic surface. Oil and water cannot be in direct contact with the surface of the material. Various fabrics treated with this interface material technology can exhibit excellent water repellent and oil repellent properties, and have no effect on the original physical and chemical properties of fibers such as fiber strength, dye affinity, and air permeability, and can even add The special effects of sterilization, radiation protection, anti-mildew, etc., will change the habit of people using laundry detergents.
The application of 2.5 nm photosensitive particles in the textile fabrics The thermal dyes are dyes whose chromophoric groups mutate with ambient temperature. Now experts are using the optical properties of nanoparticles to develop the required photosensitizing dyes. Nanophotosensitive dyes are sensitive to various wavelengths of visible light, so they can perceive the color of the surrounding environment and make appropriate adjustments. At the same time, they change their color and become a protective color consistent with the surrounding environment. With this feature, the photosensitive dye is implanted inside the fiber, and the resulting garment has a concealed color function that can be adjusted to be consistent with the surrounding environment.
2.6 The Application of Semiconductor Nanoparticle Photocatalyst Materials in Wastewater Treatment in the Printing and Dyeing Industry A series of in-depth studies on the photocatalytic oxidation of semiconductor dyes have been carried out at home and abroad. Some progresses have been made in the photocatalytic oxidation degradation mechanism. Some research has also achieved some results. For example, when nano-sized Ti2 is used as a photocatalyst for wastewater treatment, it mainly absorbs light with an excitation wavelength of 385 nm (ultraviolet wavelength) to perform an oxidation-reduction reaction. When a dye molecule adsorbed on the surface of a nanoparticle absorbs visible light, an electronic transition is generated to generate an excited state. The excited dye molecule injects an electron into the conduction band of the nano-sized Ti2 particle, and the dye molecule generates a radical carbon radical in the air. Or in the presence of oxygen, the formation of 2 radicals, followed by the generation of HOO radicals, these highly active radicals attack the dye molecules again, induce further redox reactions, and finally generate CO2. Dye compounds as a highly efficient photosensitive catalyst can be Ti2 The range of absorbed light extends from the ultraviolet region to the visible region, which not only improves the photocatalytic activity of the photocatalyst, but also directly utilizes the sun. Conclusion The nanomaterial science is atomic physics, condensed matter physics, colloid chemistry, solid chemistry, coordination A new discipline emerges from the convergence of various disciplines such as chemistry, chemical reaction kinetics, and interface science. The application of nanomaterials in the textile field has increased the scientific and technological content and added value of the products, and has produced high-tech, functional, and environmentally friendly products for the chemical fiber industry, improved and improved the use of natural fiber textiles, expanded the application fields, and improved the international presence of Chinese companies. The competitive strength in the market is of great significance.
The development trend of textile technology in the 21st century is to combine high technology with economic and cultural development, develop functional textiles, integrate comfort, leisure, and health care. It has become the main trend of textile development in the world today. In this trend, nanotechnology has a Inestimable potential. At present, governments of all countries have invested a large amount of human, material and financial resources to develop new types of nano-composite materials. The Chinese government has also listed nano-materials research as a use. It is both a challenge and an opportunity for the textile industry. Colleges and universities, scientific research institutions Industry and industry should take measures as soon as possible to strengthen the application of nanomaterials in the textile field and inject new vitality and vitality into the traditional textile industry.
evening dress wear
Shaoxing Ruier Imp. & Exp. Co.,Ltd , https://www.pasatextiles.com