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On July 1, 2014, the 8th edition of the "China Cultural Relics" published an article "The Jade Unearthed from the Graveyard of the Shu State", introducing a Shang Dynasty jade unearthed from the cemetery of the Three Kingdoms. The Xinxiang City Museum also houses a Shang Dynasty jade. The jade material, form and size are very similar to those of the Shu Kingdom cemetery. There are similarities in the details, but there are many differences in the details, especially when carving. The main parts of the ear, the edge, the feather tail and so on, the details and contours are subtly blended into one, which is extremely natural, round and lovely, and has a strong artistic appeal. (Figure 1)
This Shang Dynasty jade is a sapphire jade, 5 cm high and 3 cm wide. The three-dimensional round sculpture, the pig's head eagle body, the head of the chest, the standing, the double ears, the big round eyes, the small ears on the vertical, it is very spirit. Especially the mouth of the mouth is prominent, many viewers often mistakenly think that it is a sly pig, but carefully look at the prominent mouth under the small hook, accurately expressing the remarkable characteristics of the cockroach. Below the head is the bird's body, the chest is convex, the wings are close together, the tail has a short tail, the legs are slightly curved, and the legs are slightly exaggerated, and the wide tail of the droop is erected, so that the utensils are not only placed very smoothly, it looks It is even more stable and steady. The head top is slanted into a circular hole for the purpose of wearing a string. The whole machine is made of Xinjiang and glutinous seed jade. The jade is translucent and crystal clear. Because of the age, there are some old red scorpions and different shades of twilight.
The jade carvings of the Tomb of the Suiguo are different (Figure 2). The jade carvings of the Xinxiang Museum are decorated with feathers on the chest, wings and head and back, and the carvings are more delicate and meticulous. The detailed feathers are similar to the decorative techniques of bronze ornamentation. They are carved with double-twisted lines, the knife is concise and skillful, and the lines are natural and smooth. The builder uses a generalized and exaggerated technique to give full play to his imagination. In the carving, he uses a variety of techniques such as grinding and cutting, hooking and engraving, drilling and polishing to create this vivid and vivid jade. There is movement in the middle, full of vitality. There is both the simplicity of the ancient jade, and the spirituality is full of charm. In particular, the ears are vertical and look like a spirit; the head is high and the confidence is full, just like a winning warrior, forming a perfect and harmonious artistic style.
Similar to the jade, the Yinxu Women's Tomb has also been unearthed in six different forms, all of which are standing. Compared with the Xinxiang Pavilion, there is more than enough power and a lack of aura (Figure 3), or poor quality jade and imperfect engraving (Figure 4). There is a very similar form to the Xinxiang Pavilion, but only one side is engraved with ornamentation, perhaps an unfinished work (Figure 5). In contrast, the jade jade of the Xinxiang Pavilion is better, the color is more beautiful, and the carving is more delicate and expressive.
It is commonly known as the "Owl". It was considered an animal of the ancient times in ancient times. It has different forms of artistic expression in prehistoric culture. For example, in the Yangshao culture of the Neolithic Age and the Hongshan culture, there are Tao Yizun and Yuxi Zun who have the theme of 鸮. In the Shang Dynasty, the art style with the theme of 鸮 reached its peak. The merchants regarded it as the god of war and regarded it as the god of defeating the enemy. Mr. Liu Dunyuan said in "The Night and the God of Dreams": "The raptors of the genus Raptor symbolize the mighty power, and are linked to the events of the military, and the cicada is a symbol of the victory of the war." Mr. Ma Chengyuan, a cultural relic expert, believes that the image of the bronze wares of the Shang Dynasty should be regarded as the charm of the brave warrior and the martyrdom of the martial arts.
The Shang Dynasty jade was developed on the basis of jade articles in the late Neolithic period. It has a bearing role and has a profound influence on the jade articles of the Western Zhou Dynasty. The Shangyu craftsmanship of the Shang Dynasty has reached a level of ingenuity and meticulousness. Many jade materials are hard and can not be carved on the jade surface by using bronze tools. It is speculated that the Shang Dynasty may have used wheels to drive the sand. The circular tool to tanning the technology of jade. The Shang Dynasty jade articles were mainly unearthed in the Central Plains area, especially in the Yinxu area of ​​Anyang, Henan Province in the late Shang Dynasty. In the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, Xinxiang was the provincial capital of the Plains. The former museum of Xinxiang City was the Plains Provincial Museum. It benefited from the advantages of the provincial capital and collected more than 50 counties and cities such as Yubei and Luxi under the jurisdiction of the former Plains Province including Anyang. The unearthed and handed down cultural relics, the quantity and quality of the collections are unmatched by the general city-level pavilions, and many precious cultural relics are kept in the Plains Provincial Museum. This Shang Dynasty jade is a handed down product, a national first-class cultural relic, Xinxiang is more than 100 kilometers away from Anyang, so it is inferred that this precious cultural relic is likely to come from Anyang Yinxu.
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