From the national strategic height to support small and micro enterprises

The premise of maintaining stability is protecting companies, especially small and micro enterprises. In 2008, the financial turmoil triggered by the subprime mortgage crisis in the United States quickly swept the world and turned into the most serious international economic crisis after World War II. The uncertainty of foreign factors and the downside risks of the domestic economy have affected the central, local and various aspects of the nerve. Due to multiple challenges such as hardships, rising costs, and labor shortages, chain reactions such as capital chain breaks, lenders pushing debts, and guarantee companies concentrating on a run, such as the small and micro enterprises represented by Wenzhou, have become the focus of social concern.

From the national strategy, we should attach great importance to the changes in the environment of small and micro enterprises, actively study countermeasures, form a multi-level policy support system for small and micro enterprises, and create a market environment, legal environment and social environment conducive to the sustainable development of small and micro enterprises.

Full understanding of the role of small and micro enterprises Small and micro enterprises are closely related to employment, economic growth, and social stability. They cover the major industries of the national economy, including 84 industry categories, 362 industry groups, and 859 industry subcategories. The density of small and micro enterprises determines the income level of urban and rural residents. The more developed areas of small and micro enterprises, the higher the wage income and property income of urban and rural residents.

According to statistics, there are 10.23 million small and micro enterprises registered with industry and commerce, 99% of the total number of ** state-owned enterprises, 85% of urban and rural jobs are provided, final products and services account for 60% of GDP, and taxes are turned over. 54.3% of national enterprises.

According to the statistical data of the Zhejiang Province SME Bureau in 2010, there are more than 30,000 enterprises with sales revenue of over 20 million yuan in the province, more than 60,000 enterprises with sales revenue of over 5 million yuan, and enterprises with sales revenue of less than 5 million yuan. There are 150,000 individuals and more than 600,000 individual industrial and commercial households.

On the whole, small and micro enterprises account for 99.6% of the province's enterprises, which is an important driving force for Zhejiang's economic development and the main force for solving employment problems. The 62,000 booths in the Yiwu Small Commodities Wholesale Market have brought together at least 30,000 small and micro enterprises, which is of irreplaceable strategic significance for ensuring and improving people's livelihood.

Although small and micro enterprises are an important foundation for national economic and social development, they have obvious grassroots economic characteristics because of their small size and weak resistance to risks. At present, rigid constraints such as structural adjustments, energy conservation and emission reduction, and monetary policy tightening have forced many small and micro enterprises to face pressures for survival. In particular, small and micro enterprises in traditional manufacturing industries have encountered unprecedented problems such as the sharp increase in production and operating costs. The debt crisis triggered by private lending in Wenzhou and other places has caused some of the small and micro enterprises to close down, some have owed rents and arrears, and some have evaded tax liabilities, which directly affect social stability.

In the current complex economic situation, this situation can easily lead to a "butterfly effect." The author believes that the premise of maintaining stability is to protect companies, especially small and micro enterprises. Every person with conscience should pay attention to the living conditions of small and micro enterprises, give more tolerance and understanding, and embrace warmth to get out of trouble.

Small and micro enterprises play an important role in the national economy and social development. They are the cornerstones of economic and social development and the underlying forces that promote the upgrading of industrial structure. Therefore, it is of great significance to help small and micro enterprises tide over difficulties, not only to stabilize employment and society, but also to stabilize domestic demand and stabilize confidence and hope.

Helping the development of small and micro enterprises is an important basis for countries to maintain the stable operation of the national economy. Not long ago, U.S. Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner stated in the Senate testimony that during the financial crisis, small and micro enterprises in the U.S. engaged in construction, retail, etc. suffered the most. In order to boost economic growth and create more jobs, the government should give Small and micro enterprises provide more support.

There is a basic judgment that whether a country's economy has dynamism depends largely on the status of small and micro enterprises. Small and micro enterprises thrive and have a bright future for economic development.

The difficulty of small and micro enterprises stems from the difficulties faced by small and micro enterprises in the large environment. The major problems are changes in the environment, including fluctuations in raw material prices, insufficient market demand, and rising labor costs. The gambling problem has not been effectively resolved. The small and micro enterprises that have suffered capital-chain breaks are concentrated in policy-controlled industries and their associated industries, especially real estate and small and micro enterprises supporting large-scale construction enterprises.

Small and micro enterprises are the largest group of enterprises and are also disadvantaged groups. Must stand at the national strategic level and focus on solving practical difficulties such as the reduction of orders, production declines, low profits, and increased labor disputes faced by small and micro enterprises.

The continuous increase in production and operating costs, and the sharp increase in energy and raw material prices are environmental changes that small and micro enterprises must face. Since the first quarter of 2011, the prices of fuel and other fuels such as coal and oil have increased by 10% year-on-year, and in particular, refined oil prices have increased by 20% year-on-year, and the average electricity consumption gap is about 30%.

Affected by the increase in the prices of production materials, the purchase price of raw materials for small and micro enterprises rose by 10.2% year-on-year, but the ex-factory price of products rose by only 7.1% year-on-year. Some companies report that in 2010, the price of cotton yarn was 20,000 yuan per ton, which has now risen to 30,000 yuan. Making garments is not as good as selling raw materials to make money.

In the context of inflation, the increase in the cost of small and micro enterprises is a long-term trend. The problem is that the rising costs cannot be passed on by increasing the price of products. Small and micro enterprises generally fall into a predicament.

The increase in labor costs and the squeeze of profit margins are another environmental change that small and micro enterprises must face. In 2010, 30 provinces, municipalities, and districts raised their minimum wages. In 2011, another 12 provinces, districts, and cities continued to increase, ranging from 20% to 25%. The per capita wage of Hubei textile and clothing industry was 1,400 yuan/month at the beginning of 2010, and it has risen to 2,100 yuan/month by the end of 2010, an increase of 50%. Zhejiang Province reflected that the employment gap of local small and micro enterprises is generally above 20%.

At the same time, since *** continued to appreciate 25% since 2004, the profit of export-oriented small and micro enterprises has shrunk by 2%. The author understands that in the industry in Wenzhou, the gross profit of most small and micro enterprises is only 3%-5%, and the maximum will not exceed 10%. The difference from 2008 is that Wenzhou shoe companies are now afraid to take export orders for more than three months and have not dared to produce orders.

** The problem is even more prominent. It is the third environmental change that small and micro enterprises must face. Since 2010, it has been difficult for small and micro enterprises to stand out in the economy. The central bank raised the deposit reserve ratio and interest rate continuously, and the deposit reserve ratio reached a historical high of 25%, and the bank's short-term interest rate was as high as 6.31%.

After implementing the monetary tightening policy to control inflation, banks have drastically reduced the scale of credit. The availability of credit has also been used as a priority to protect large households and protect key points. In the first four months of this year, the Zhejiang Provincial Industrial and Commercial Bank added 1.3 billion yuan in small and micro enterprises, a decrease of 8.5 billion yuan year-on-year.

In the investigation, the author found that small and micro enterprises are mainly concentrated in the sluggish traditional manufacturing industries such as leather shoes and toys. These industries have actually reached the point of upgrading. In the technical transformation, the introduction of equipment requires more funds, the money shortage makes them worse.

The nuclear seal gaskets produced by Ningbo Tiansheng Seals Co., Ltd. are at the cutting edge of the world, but the difficulties have not been alleviated. Since 2010, foreign investors have bid 200 million, 400 million and 600 million yuan to purchase the company's patented technology. It is worth noting that this is not an isolated phenomenon. Shenzhen Fanxing Technology has also successively acquired a number of foreign investment inquiries.

Supporting Development Strategies for Small and Micro Enterprises In response to the operational difficulties of small and micro enterprises exposed by capital chain breaks, governments at all levels, from the central government to the local governments, should make more substantive emergency response and institutional arrangements. It is necessary to do a good job in the "addition" of the current situation, as well as the "subtraction" in long-term taxation and the "multiplication" in terms of upgrading.

The author proposes to set up a national-level comprehensive pilot zone for small and micro enterprise reforms in Zhejiang, and first try various policies and measures such as "non-public economy 36", "29 SMEs" and "non-governmental investment 36" to guide the guidebook and society. The capital gathered in the pilot area to demonstrate the sustainable development of small and micro enterprises.

The first is to increase credit for emergency and broaden the channels for small and micro enterprises. According to the calculation of the China Banking Regulatory Commission, China's banks are mainly engaged in large and medium-sized enterprises, with 100% coverage for large enterprises, 90% for medium-sized companies, and 20% for small and micro enterprises. Excessive barriers to banking **, rising interest rates, increasing financial costs, and prolonged approvals are major problems that restrict small and micro enterprises.

The focus is on two countermeasures: First, provincial governments set up bank small and micro enterprises** risk compensation funds, and they are guiding financial institutions to adjust service targets, effectively protecting the scale of credit for small and micro enterprises, and formulating intangible assets such as patents, brands, and orders. Specific measures for mortgage or pledge**. The second is to allow more private finance to truly operate in the sun, and develop small financial institutions such as community banks, village and town banks, technology banks, and microfinance companies that specialize in small and micro enterprises, and develop various financial products suitable for the needs of small and micro enterprises. The implementation of differentiated financial supervision policies for small and micro enterprises.

The second is to reduce the burden of adjustment and give financial and taxation support to small and micro enterprises. As of the end of 2010, taxes paid by small and micro enterprises accounted for 54.3% of national enterprises, which was 1.9 times that of 2005, with an average annual increase of 13.1%. Small and micro enterprises contribute most of the taxes, but they do not get more policy patronage than the monopolistic advantages of large companies. I have roughly calculated that there are 18 departments that currently collect administrative charges from small and micro enterprises, and there are 69 categories of fees.

Therefore, it is recommended that the same national treatment be applied to small and micro enterprises to create time and space for the upgrading of small and micro enterprises. The focus is on two countermeasures: First, the establishment of national small and micro enterprise development **, to expand the scale of funding year by year, to clarify the benefits faced by small and micro enterprises. The second is to subdivide the rate of preferential tax rates for small and micro enterprises, exempt various administrative fees in the process of starting small and micro enterprises, and exempt the income tax and reduce the value-added tax within a certain period of time.

The third is to encourage innovation and help small and micro enterprises upgrade. The first is to establish a shared technology innovation service platform. Leading scientific and technological departments of local governments at all levels, relying on universities, research institutes, and large-scale backbone enterprises, providing support for small and micro enterprises in common technologies and basic technologies, implementing technological innovation programs for small and micro enterprises, and special industries for small and micro enterprises. Upgrade plans and small and micro business incubation plans. The second is the establishment of a small and micro enterprise industry research institute. With the required start-up funds for the research institute, the state can invest 30% (cutting a piece of research and development funds from high-tech companies) for initial research and development, and 70% of funds can be obtained from small and micro enterprises through specific product development. In this way, the Industrial Research Institute develops high-tech products around small and micro enterprises; small and micro enterprises focus on industrialization and do not need to spend money to maintain R&D teams; countries use funds effectively to cultivate their own high-tech enterprises and promote small and micro enterprises. Upgrade, increase employment opportunities, and ensure social stability.

A series of policy measures by the central and local governments are beginning to show results. Small and micro enterprises have initially recovered, but profits have not yet risen. Some banks have no difference in the procedures and conditions for handling **, and the supporting funds for small and micro enterprises are in fact also There is a phenomenon of “sprinkling pepper” and the economic situation next year is full of unknown.

The more difficult times and the more times of crisis, the more necessary it is to send warmth to small and micro enterprises, comprehensively sort out various supportive policies, and in line with the principle of “can be exempted, exempted, reduced, and mitigated,” and increased. Cut interest rates, tax cuts, and fee reductions to help small and micro enterprises resolve their pressures and get out of their predicament. The stable and healthy development of small and micro enterprises is the foundation of social harmony and the blessing of people's livelihood. We must look at the small and micro enterprises high and love three points. The global dazzling Apple company came out of Steve Jobs's garage.

【Author: Peng Huai / Text] The author is president of the Chinese Research Institute of Peking University, local government